Scalars
Scalar operations in PHP involve performing mathematical computations on single values (scalars) such as integers, floats, and complex numbers. These operations include basic arithmetic, scalar-vector operations, trigonometric functions, and more. PHP supports scalar operations natively with built-in arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, %), but for advanced mathematical computations, libraries like MathPHP provide powerful functions to handle scalar arithmetic, transformations, and trigonometric calculations efficiently.