Connection to specific algorithms

Linear model with feature vector

Below is a minimal linear model example: multiply each feature by its corresponding weight, sum everything, and add bias.

 
<?php

function linearModel(array $x, array $wfloat $b): float {
    
$n count($x);

    if (
$n !== count($w)) {
        throw new 
InvalidArgumentException('Arguments x and w must have the same length');
    }

    
$sum $b;

    for (
$i 0$i $n$i++) {
        
$sum += $x[$i] * $w[$i];
    }

    return 
$sum;
}

$x = [23];
$w = [0.51.5];
$b 1.0;

$result linearModel($x$w$b);
echo 
$result;

// 6.5
// b + (x[0] * w[0]) + (x[1] * w[1]) = 1.0 + (2 * 0.5) + (3 * 1.5) = 6.5
Result: Memory: 0.002 Mb Time running: < 0.001 sec.
6.5

The key idea is simple: this pattern underlies linear regression and appears in many other models as a basic building block.

Explanation:
$b + (x[0] * w[0]) + (x[1] * w[1]) = 1.0 + (2 * 0.5) + (3 * 1.5) = 6.5$